Book: ‘Wellington and the Lines of Torres Vedras’ by Mark S. Thompson – Editor’s Note
31 August 2021
In October 1810, the Third French invasion of Portugal under Maréchal Masséna arrived at the Lines of Torres Vedras and his triumphal march into Lisbon came to an abrupt halt. Five months later a thoroughly demoralized and defeated French army retreated from Portugal and never returned. The Lines played a vital role in enabling the […]












